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Hajj is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca that is mandatory for able-bodied Muslims who can afford it. Umrah is a non-mandatory pilgrimage that can be performed at any time of the year

Hajj is a specific pilgrimage with a set of prescribed rituals and takes place during the month of Dhu al-Hijjah. Umrah, on the other hand, can be performed at any time of the year and has a shorter set of rituals.

Hajj is performed during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah, while Umrah can be performed at any time of the year, except during the days of Hajj.

The duration of Hajj is around five to six days, whereas Umrah can typically be completed in a few hours to a couple of days.

Yes, you generally need a visa to perform Hajj or Umrah. The visa requirements vary depending on your country of residence and the regulations set by the Saudi Arabian government.

The essential documents usually include a valid passport, a visa, and any additional documentation required by the Saudi Arabian authorities or your travel agency.

A Muslim pilgrim prays on Mount Mercy on the plains of Arafat outside the holy city of Mecca December 7, 2008. More than two million Muslims began the haj pilgrimage on Saturday, heading to a tent camp outside Mecca to follow the route Prophet Mohammad took 14 centuries ago. REUTERS/Ahmed Jadallah (SAUDI ARABIA)

Women can perform Hajj or Umrah alone, but if they are under a certain age (usually below 45), they are required to be accompanied by a male relative or a group of women.

There are no specific age restrictions for performing Hajj or Umrah. However, participants should be physically and mentally capable of undertaking the pilgrimage

The main rituals of Hajj include Ihram, Tawaf (circumambulation of the Kaaba), Sa'i (walking between the hills of Safa and Marwa), and standing at Arafat. Umrah involves entering the state of Ihram, performing Tawaf and Sa'i.

Some recommended preparations include acquiring necessary travel documents, getting vaccinated, studying and familiarizing oneself with the rituals, arranging accommodation and transportation, and maintaining good physical health before the journey. It's also important to follow any travel advisories or guidelines provided by the relevant authorities.